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Spanish Fort Site (Holly Bluff, Mississippi)
The Spanish Fort Site (22-SH-500) is an archaeological site in the Delta region of the U.S. state of Mississippi. It is one of three major earthwork sites in the far southern portion of the Yazoo River valley, and it has been designated a historic site because of its archaeological value. Despite its name, the site was not built by the Spanish, and its original purpose is believed to have been ceremonial, not martial.
==Location and excavations==
The Spanish Fort Site lies along the Sunflower River nearly downstream from the community of Holly Bluff.〔Jackson, H. Edwin. "(Little Spanish Fort: An Early Middle Woodland Enclosure in the Lower Yazoo Basin, Mississippi )". ''Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology'' 23.2 (1998): 199-220.〕 Along with the nearby Leist A and Little Spanish Fort sites, it is a semicircular earthwork that has received little archaeological attention. In 1988, the site was classified as having been built by peoples of the Anderson Landing phase, but this assignment was largely due to the presence of an Anderson Landing site near the earthworks.〔 The site first appeared in print in the early twentieth century in the account of archaeologist Clarence Bloomfield Moore, who sank a few test pits at the site; according to his report, the site comprised an embankment and a group of mounds.〔 Eighteen years later, another survey estimated the enclosure's area at . From 1949 to 1955, yet another expedition collected artifacts from the surface and conducted more test excavations; they found evidence of occupation by the Marksville (Issaquena phase), Coles Creek (Aden phase), and Baytown (Deasonville phase) cultures.〔
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